See heste in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "hest"
},
"expansion": "English: hest",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: hest"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-msc",
"2": "heist",
"3": "hest",
"4": "heste"
},
"expansion": "Middle Scots: heist, hest, heste",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Scots: heist, hest, heste"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "yol",
"2": "heste"
},
"expansion": "Yola: heste",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Yola: heste"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "directive"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "hǣs"
},
"expansion": "Old English hǣs",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*haisi"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *haisi",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*haisiz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *haisiz",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English hǣs, from Proto-West Germanic *haisi, from Proto-Germanic *haisiz. The final vowel is generalised from the Old English oblique forms, while forms with final /t/ are influenced by the suffix -the.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "hestes",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hesten",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
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"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "heste",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"pl2": "hesten"
},
"expansion": "heste (plural hestes or hesten)",
"name": "enm-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "biheste"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "53 4 2 2 36 2",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Directives",
"orig": "enm:Directives",
"parents": [
"Communication",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A directive, command or order."
],
"id": "en-heste-enm-noun-xGNySoe2",
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[
"directive",
"directive"
],
[
"command",
"command"
],
[
"order",
"order"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A rule; a formal, long-term order."
],
"id": "en-heste-enm-noun-rsugv3I~",
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[
"rule",
"rule"
],
[
"formal",
"formal"
],
[
"long-term",
"long-term"
],
[
"order",
"order"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"The power to command; control, jurisdiction."
],
"id": "en-heste-enm-noun-4RjgMNwD",
"links": [
[
"power",
"power"
],
[
"command",
"command"
],
[
"control",
"control"
],
[
"jurisdiction",
"jurisdiction"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A pact or agreement; that which is agreed upon."
],
"id": "en-heste-enm-noun-VBf9A5uw",
"links": [
[
"pact",
"pact"
],
[
"agreement",
"agreement"
],
[
"agree",
"agree"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "21 20 3 8 35 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 9 8 16 35 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 3 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 10 8 16 35 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A prophetic prediction."
],
"id": "en-heste-enm-noun-hQfb9ej5",
"links": [
[
"prophetic",
"prophetic"
],
[
"prediction",
"prediction"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) A prophetic prediction."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈhɛst(ə)/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈhɛːst(ə)/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "este"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "has"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "hees"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "heest"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "heeste"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "hes"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "hese"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "heaste"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Early-Middle-English"
],
"word": "hæse"
}
],
"word": "heste"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "rage"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "hǣst"
},
"expansion": "Old English hǣst",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*haifsti"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *haifsti",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*haifstiz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *haifstiz",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English hǣst, from Proto-West Germanic *haifsti, from Proto-Germanic *haifstiz; the final vowel is generalised from the Old English oblique forms. Doublet of haste.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "nouns",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "heste",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "-"
},
"expansion": "heste (uncountable)",
"name": "enm-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English hapax legomena",
"parents": [
"Hapax legomena",
"Terms by usage"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "7 6 3 3 25 57",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Emotions",
"orig": "enm:Emotions",
"parents": [
"Mind",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "c. 1450, anonymous author, Gest Hystoriale of the Destruction of Troy:",
"text": "Hoppit on hegh with heste of the fflodes.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"power, rage"
],
"id": "en-heste-enm-noun-kSq5t910",
"links": [
[
"power",
"power"
],
[
"rage",
"rage"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(hapax) power, rage"
],
"tags": [
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈhɛːst(ə)/"
}
],
"word": "heste"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English nouns",
"Middle English terms derived from Old English",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle English uncountable nouns",
"Middle English weak nouns",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"enm:Directives",
"enm:Emotions"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "hest"
},
"expansion": "English: hest",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: hest"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-msc",
"2": "heist",
"3": "hest",
"4": "heste"
},
"expansion": "Middle Scots: heist, hest, heste",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Scots: heist, hest, heste"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "yol",
"2": "heste"
},
"expansion": "Yola: heste",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Yola: heste"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "directive"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "hǣs"
},
"expansion": "Old English hǣs",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*haisi"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *haisi",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*haisiz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *haisiz",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English hǣs, from Proto-West Germanic *haisi, from Proto-Germanic *haisiz. The final vowel is generalised from the Old English oblique forms, while forms with final /t/ are influenced by the suffix -the.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "hestes",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hesten",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
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"2": "nouns",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "heste",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"pl2": "hesten"
},
"expansion": "heste (plural hestes or hesten)",
"name": "enm-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "biheste"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"A directive, command or order."
],
"links": [
[
"directive",
"directive"
],
[
"command",
"command"
],
[
"order",
"order"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A rule; a formal, long-term order."
],
"links": [
[
"rule",
"rule"
],
[
"formal",
"formal"
],
[
"long-term",
"long-term"
],
[
"order",
"order"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"The power to command; control, jurisdiction."
],
"links": [
[
"power",
"power"
],
[
"command",
"command"
],
[
"control",
"control"
],
[
"jurisdiction",
"jurisdiction"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A pact or agreement; that which is agreed upon."
],
"links": [
[
"pact",
"pact"
],
[
"agreement",
"agreement"
],
[
"agree",
"agree"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with rare senses"
],
"glosses": [
"A prophetic prediction."
],
"links": [
[
"prophetic",
"prophetic"
],
[
"prediction",
"prediction"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) A prophetic prediction."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈhɛst(ə)/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈhɛːst(ə)/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "este"
},
{
"word": "has"
},
{
"word": "hees"
},
{
"word": "heest"
},
{
"word": "heeste"
},
{
"word": "hes"
},
{
"word": "hese"
},
{
"word": "heaste"
},
{
"tags": [
"Early-Middle-English"
],
"word": "hæse"
}
],
"word": "heste"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English nouns",
"Middle English terms derived from Old English",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle English uncountable nouns",
"Middle English weak nouns",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"enm:Directives",
"enm:Emotions"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
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"2": "rage"
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"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "hǣst"
},
"expansion": "Old English hǣst",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*haifsti"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *haifsti",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*haifstiz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *haifstiz",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English hǣst, from Proto-West Germanic *haifsti, from Proto-Germanic *haifstiz; the final vowel is generalised from the Old English oblique forms. Doublet of haste.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "nouns",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "heste",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "-"
},
"expansion": "heste (uncountable)",
"name": "enm-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Middle English hapax legomena",
"Middle English terms with quotations",
"Requests for translations of Middle English quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "c. 1450, anonymous author, Gest Hystoriale of the Destruction of Troy:",
"text": "Hoppit on hegh with heste of the fflodes.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"power, rage"
],
"links": [
[
"power",
"power"
],
[
"rage",
"rage"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(hapax) power, rage"
],
"tags": [
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈhɛːst(ə)/"
}
],
"word": "heste"
}
Download raw JSONL data for heste meaning in Middle English (5.3kB)
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: hapax",
"path": [
"heste"
],
"section": "Middle English",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "heste",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: hapax",
"path": [
"heste"
],
"section": "Middle English",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "heste",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Middle English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-10 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-01 using wiktextract (df33d17 and 4ed51a5). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.